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Meningococcal Meningitis Data Analysis, Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia, 2015-2019; a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Tesfahun Abye Meshesha,
Kefyalew Amene,
Tigist Abera,
Rozina Tariku
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
3 January 2021
Accepted:
16 January 2021
Published:
30 January 2021
Abstract: Background: Meningococcal meningitis is a disease of major public health importance especially for countries in the meningitis belt. The retrospective data analysis had provided helpful information to understand the current prevalence of meningococcal meningitis. The trends of meningococcal meningitis had provided useful estimates on the effect of seasonal variability of meningitis, and the distribution of disease burden. So the objective of this study is to assess and describes the magnitude and distribution of Meningitis in Amhara national regional state of Ethiopia from 2015- 2019. Method: Meningococcal meningitis surveillance data of the Amhara region from 2015-2019 were reviewed to describe the disease epidemiology. The study involves a retrospective descriptive analysis of collected clinical data and line list reported to EPHI from 2015-2019 through the Public Health Emergency Management Surveillance system. Result: Of the total 894 patients and 25 deaths, highly contributing zones were North Shewa with 195 (21.81%) patients, North Gondar with 145 (16.22%) patients, and South Wollo with 101(11.30%) patients. Of the total patients, 534 were treated as impatient patients while 371 were treated as outpatient patients. The regional patient fatality rate is 2.80 and the attack rate is 4.59 per 100,000 population. Meningococcal meningitis morbidity is high in North Gondar, South Wollo, and North Shewa, and mortality are high in North Shewa, South Wollo, and East Gojjam respectively. There was high morbidity with low mortality like in North Gondar and North Shewa. Conclusion: Meningococcal meningitis is affected by geographical factors common in arid areas. In epidemic week 38 of 2015 (dry season), there was a meningococcal meningitis outbreak in north Gondar specifically in west Armachiho district. Patient management is poor in those high mortality areas like North Shewa, South Wollo, and East Gojjam. Laboratory-based surveillance should be implemented to identify common serotypes of N. meningitides.
Abstract: Background: Meningococcal meningitis is a disease of major public health importance especially for countries in the meningitis belt. The retrospective data analysis had provided helpful information to understand the current prevalence of meningococcal meningitis. The trends of meningococcal meningitis had provided useful estimates on the effect of ...
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Neck Circumference Is Better Associated Than Waist Circumference at Insulin Resistance in Bantu Population from Brazzaville in Republic of Congo
Danny Mafuta-Munganga,
Reine Freudlendrich Eboka-Loumingou Sakou,
Benjamin Longo-Mbenza,
Etienne Mokondjimobe,
Blaise Makoso Nimi
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
7-11
Received:
20 January 2021
Accepted:
14 February 2021
Published:
3 March 2021
Abstract: Background: it is difficult to measure directly insulin sensitivity in routine practice. An easily measured anthropometric parameter associated with insulin resistance (IR) would be a very useful tool in detecting people at risk. Objective: To investigate the association between neck circumference (NC) and Insulin Resistance (IR) in Bantu population. Methods: Cross-sectional health screening conducted between February and May 2019, among Bantu population from Brazzaville in Republic of Congo. The analysis included 500 participants, aged ≥ 20 years. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured by standard protocol. Fasting lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin were determined. Triglyceride Glucose index (TyG index) and triglyceride/high density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL) were calculated. IR was defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 2. TyG index was calculated by using the formula: Ln [TG (mg/dL) x FPG (mg/dL)/2]. To investigate if there was a statistically association between NC and IR parameters, a correlation was computed. To evaluate the influence of NC on IR parameters, the study population was divided in 3 groups by tertiles of NC in both men and women The diagnostic ability of NC, WC, TyG index and TG/HDL ratio to identify people with IR was determined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: NC was positively correlated with insulin, TG/HDL, TyG index and HOMA-IR. For all variables, this correlation was stronger in comparison with WC. In all participants, TG/HDL shows the largest AUC for IR detection (0.810, 95% CI: 0.765–0.855) followed by TyG index (0.799, 95% CI: 0.754–0.844), NC (0.624, 95% CI: 0.572–0.677), and WC (0.616, 95% CI: 0.560–0.672) in that order. Conclusion: NC is associated with IR. NC is better than WC to identify IR in Bantu population from Brazzaville in republic of Congo.
Abstract: Background: it is difficult to measure directly insulin sensitivity in routine practice. An easily measured anthropometric parameter associated with insulin resistance (IR) would be a very useful tool in detecting people at risk. Objective: To investigate the association between neck circumference (NC) and Insulin Resistance (IR) in Bantu populatio...
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Exploration of the Optimization of the Use Efficiency of the Automatic Dispenser in Outpatient Pharmacy
Zhong Huiting,
Zhang Zhidong
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
12-15
Received:
23 February 2021
Accepted:
17 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Objective: With the advent of pharmacy automation system, pharmacists can liberate themselves from the heavy work of dispensing drugs and devote more time to the professional service of pharmacy. To improve the efficiency of dispensing machine in outpatient pharmacy and reduce the frequency of machine malfunction maintenance. Method: Through observation and detailed records of 645 occurrences of CONSIS-H5 dispenser failures from September 18 to September 24, 2017 and October 9 to October 22, 2017, research and analysis of the application process optimization plan of the dispenser. Result: Through the use of various management methods to propose improvement measures and maintenance methods, the failure maintenance rate of the dispenser has been reduced from the original average of 30.7 times per day to an average of 15.3 times per day, a decrease of 43.65%. Conclusion: The CONSIS-H5 medicine dispenser has undergone a series of targeted adjustments and optimizations, reducing the failure rate and reducing the work intensity of the staff. At the same time, the efficiency improvement greatly reduces the waiting time of patients, which improves the patient's satisfaction with the hospital and improves the quality of pharmacy services.
Abstract: Objective: With the advent of pharmacy automation system, pharmacists can liberate themselves from the heavy work of dispensing drugs and devote more time to the professional service of pharmacy. To improve the efficiency of dispensing machine in outpatient pharmacy and reduce the frequency of machine malfunction maintenance. Method: Through observ...
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