Research Article
Decreased Collagen Xii Expression and Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Levofloxacin-Treated Tendon
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
63-70
Received:
30 October 2024
Accepted:
15 November 2024
Published:
29 November 2024
Abstract: Background: Levofloxacin (LVFX) is widely used for many respiratory, urinary, and oral infections. Although rare, tendinopathy and tendon rupture have been reported in patients treated with LVFX as adverse effect. However, the exact mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of LVFX on tendon cells and tendon tissue. Method: Murine tendon cell line TT-D6 cells were treated with LVFX. Total RNA was extracted from the treated cells and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). LVFX-treated TT-D6 cells were subjected to cell proliferation assays and reactive oxygen species production assays. In addition, LVFX was administered to rats, and total RNA was extracted from tendon tissue and quantitatively analyzed for mRNA expression using quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Proliferative capacity in TT-D6 cells treated with various concentrations of LVFX showed no significant differences in any of the group comparisons. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis in TT-D6 cells showed that collagen 12a1 (COL12A1) expression was significantly decreased in the LVFX-treated group compared with the control group. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was significantly increased in the LVFX group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in mRNA expression of decorin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and Collagen1a1. ROS production was significantly upregulated in LVFX-treated rats, and COL12A1 expression was significantly decreased in LVFX-treated rats compared with controls in tendons collected from LVFX-treated rat models. Conclusions: Taken together, COL12A1 reduction may be involved in tendon injury and tendon rupture in LVFX administration, suggesting that increased ROS production may be involved.
Abstract: Background: Levofloxacin (LVFX) is widely used for many respiratory, urinary, and oral infections. Although rare, tendinopathy and tendon rupture have been reported in patients treated with LVFX as adverse effect. However, the exact mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of LVFX on tendon cells and tendon tiss...
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Review Article
‘Risala Tahaffuz Min al-Nazla’, Al-Rāzi’s Legacy in Cold Remedy and Prevention
Ashfaque Ahmad*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
71-75
Received:
23 October 2024
Accepted:
9 November 2024
Published:
13 December 2024
Abstract: Nazla (Catarrh) is a condition in Unani medicine that involves the flow of catarrhal fluids, or mucus, from the brain downwards into the throat and chest, leading to symptoms similar to what we consider a cold today. This condition is characterized by congestion, irritation in the respiratory pathways, and in some cases, can progress to more serious respiratory complications if left untreated. While preparing a detailed catalogue of Unani medical manuscripts housed at the Telangana Government Oriental Manuscripts Library and Research Institute (TGOMLRI) in Hyderabad, a significant discovery was made: a concise yet vital manuscript titled Risala Tahaffuz min al-Nazla (A Treatise on the Prevention of Cold and Catarrh), cataloged under Accession No. 8880. This manuscript, written by the eminent physician Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzi (865–925 AD), offers invaluable insight into the traditional understanding and prevention of the common cold. Al-Rāzi, also known as Rhazes in the Latin world, was one of the most influential figures in the history of medicine, contributing profoundly to clinical practices and medical theories that remained relevant for centuries. This treatise, written in Arabic, reflects al-Rāzi's keen focus on preventive medicine, specifically on measures to avoid the onset of cold and catarrhal conditions. It is a paper manuscript, notable for its brevity, consisting of only 8 pages. Each page contains 14 lines, with an average of 16 letters per line, displaying a compact and highly structured layout that suggests its use as a practical guide. Its focus on prevention rather than solely treatment is particularly notable, as it aligns with al-Rāzi’s broader medical philosophy emphasizing lifestyle and precautionary health measures. Moreover, Risala Tahaffuz min al-Nazla outlines remedies based on herbal medicine, prescribing specific herbs and natural compounds known to alleviate symptoms of cold and prevent its occurrence. These herbal prescriptions include ingredients that are easily available in Unani medicine and have historically been used for their anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and warming properties, which can relieve respiratory congestion and discomfort. Interestingly, another copy of this treatise exists in Iran, underscoring the historical and scholarly connections between Indian and Persian centers of Unani medicine. This manuscript’s discovery in Hyderabad adds to the rich collection of Unani medical texts in India, showcasing the traditional medical knowledge that continues to be studied for its relevance to modern alternative medicine practices. Through such manuscripts, Unani medicine remains an enduring part of the cultural and scientific heritage in regions with strong historical ties to Persian medical traditions. The concise nature of Risala Tahaffuz min al-Nazla and its practical content makes it a valuable text for both historical research and contemporary applications, providing insights into how ancient Unani physicians approached the common cold with holistic, plant-based remedies.
Abstract: Nazla (Catarrh) is a condition in Unani medicine that involves the flow of catarrhal fluids, or mucus, from the brain downwards into the throat and chest, leading to symptoms similar to what we consider a cold today. This condition is characterized by congestion, irritation in the respiratory pathways, and in some cases, can progress to more seriou...
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Case Report
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: An Incidental Case Report from Jordan with Literature Review
Basheer Radi Alakhras*,
Omar Habashneh,
Ahmad Basim Yaghi,
Abdallah Daseh,
Adham Alkilani
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
76-80
Received:
4 November 2024
Accepted:
21 November 2024
Published:
16 December 2024
Abstract: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is one of the rare lung diseases, in which an otherwise healthy individual develops diffuse alveolar calcifications. It is reported to be caused by mutation of the SLC34A2 gene. Patients who are eventually diagnosed with PAM usually present late when progression to cor pulmonale has already developed, or for other reasons not related to the disease itself when their clinical work up results incidentally reveal much worse findings than the patient’s actual state. Unlike the familiar information that no effective treatment other than lung transplant, cardiokinetics, diuretics, oxygen, and repeated bronchoalveolar lavage were reported with relatively satisfactory results and chest X-ray changes. In this report, we focus on the relation between clinical, radiologic and histologic findings, in which clinical scenario was first mistaken for interstitial fibrosis or suspected metastasis, and on literature review. Chest radiography, bronchoalveolar lavage and lung wedge biopsy were the main steps to reach the diagnosis of PAM. Gradual improvement after conservative treatment was noted prior to discharge. Then clinic appointment for follow up and family members surveillance was scheduled. A rare disease incidentally diagnosed by high awareness of the attending physician and simple methods that points to a question of disease prevalence in Jordan.
Abstract: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is one of the rare lung diseases, in which an otherwise healthy individual develops diffuse alveolar calcifications. It is reported to be caused by mutation of the SLC34A2 gene. Patients who are eventually diagnosed with PAM usually present late when progression to cor pulmonale has already developed, or for ...
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