Urine Creatinine in a General Out-Patient Population: Implications
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
46-50
Received:
22 September 2016
Accepted:
1 October 2016
Published:
25 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjcm.20160506.11
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Abstract: Some diseases, environmental pollutants and physiologic states may influence urine creatinine. Urine creatinine is not routinely evaluated in the general out-patient population. The objective of this study was to evaluate urine creatinine and factors that may influence it in subjects attending the general out-patient clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving subjects consecutively recruited from a general out-patient clinic in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria. Creatinine in spot and 24-hour urine samples and other relevant investigations were performed. Dilute urine or low urine creatinine was defined as 24-hour urine creatinine (24HUCr) <300mg, normal urine creatinine as 24HUCr 300 - 300mg, and concentrated urine or high urine creatinine as 24HUCr >3000mg.The association of variables with urine creatinine and the strength of variables to predict dilute and concentrated urine were determined. The mean spot urine creatinine (SUCr) of the subjects was 148±167mg/dl, minimum value 14.7mg/dl, maximum value 746.7mg/dl and range of values 732.0mg/dl. The mean 24HUCr was 1203±316mg, minimum value 651.0mg, maximum value 2320mg, and range of values 1669.0mg. All the subjects have 2HUCr in the normal range. Spot urine creatinine has significant correlation with body mass index, spot urine protein (SUP), spot urine osmolality, 24-hour urine protein (24HUP), 24HUCr, serum creatinine, serum cholesterol and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, 24HUCr has significant correlation with 24-hour urine volume, serum creatinine and serum cholesterol. Spot urine protein and 24HUP predicted SUCr, while only serum creatinine predicted 24HUCr. Low and high urine creatinine were absent in subjects attending the general out-patient clinic. Proteinuric renal abnormalities were common in these subjects with normal urine creatinine. There is need for clinicians to routinely conduct urine creatinine and further search for renal damage, dyslipidemia and abnormal weight changes in the general out patients with normal urine creatinine.
Abstract: Some diseases, environmental pollutants and physiologic states may influence urine creatinine. Urine creatinine is not routinely evaluated in the general out-patient population. The objective of this study was to evaluate urine creatinine and factors that may influence it in subjects attending the general out-patient clinic in a tertiary hospital i...
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Trends in Elective Caesarean Section at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Nigeria
Anyaka Charles,
Ocheke Amaka,
Shambe Iornum,
Egbodo Christopher,
Pam Victor,
Karshima Jonathan,
Daru Patrick
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
51-54
Received:
25 May 2016
Accepted:
22 July 2016
Published:
3 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjcm.20160506.12
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Abstract: Context: Elective caesarean sections have been considered safer for both mother and the foetus compared to emergency caesarean sections. Paradoxically emergency caesarean sections have continued to form majority of caesarean deliveries in our facility. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the caesarean section rate, indications and trend associated with elective caesarean delivery. Study design: A retrospective study of the clinical records of all patients that had caesarean section between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2007 at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos. Data on the number and type of caesarean section and indication for the caesarean section was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: During the 5 year study period, 2666 caesarean sections were performed out of 13,611 total deliveries giving a caesarean section rate of 19.6%. Elective and emergency caesarean sections accounted for 757 (28.4%) and 1909 (71.6%) of the cases respectively. The rate of elective caesarean section increased from 25.4% in 2003 to 26.5% in 2005 and 32.6% in 2007. Repeat caesarean section (24.7%), HIV in pregnancy (23.0%), bad obstetrics history (11.4%) were the leading indications for elective caesarean operation. Conclusion: The rising trend in the elective caesarean section rate as identified in this study strengthens the need for better patient selection together with improved counseling on its benefits and risks. This is because despite the fact that it is safer than emergency caesarean operation, it also has its own short-comings and complications.
Abstract: Context: Elective caesarean sections have been considered safer for both mother and the foetus compared to emergency caesarean sections. Paradoxically emergency caesarean sections have continued to form majority of caesarean deliveries in our facility. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the caesarean section rate, indications a...
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Transient Elastography (Fibroscan) Compared to Diagnostic Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Varices in Patients with Cirrhosis
Mahmoud Hassan Al Ghamdi,
Hind I. Fallatah,
Hisham O. Akbar
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
55-59
Received:
26 November 2016
Accepted:
3 January 2017
Published:
24 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjcm.20160506.13
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Abstract: We evaluated the effectiveness of the Transient elastography using (Fibroscan) for the prediction of varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with chronic liver disease. We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with compensated chronic liver disease who had never experienced variceal bleeding and underwent both a Fibroscan assessment for liver fibrosis and a diagnostic UGIE no more than 3 months apart. We collected the patients’ demographic data, serum ALT and platelet count values, and Fibroscan and endoscopy results. We included 75 patients in the final analysis; 39 (52%) had males. Hepatitis C was the most common diagnosis (27, 36%). A total of 37 patients (49.3%) had either gastric or esophageal varices (OV), portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG), or both. The mean stiffness score was 30.1 kPa (SD 1.2 kPa). The Fibroscan score was highly correlated with the presence of varices (r=.85 and P=.002). The mean stiffness score was higher in patients with OVs or PHG than in patients without OVs or PHG, (34.5, SD 18.3 and 25.8, SD 14.9, respectively, P=.027), but no difference was found in the stiffness scores between the patients with small and large varices. The ROC analysis of a stiffness score showed AUC of.67 for the detection of varices. In conclusion: Fibroscan can predict the presence of varices and PHG in patients with cirrhosis, but it cannot distinguish between small and large varices.
Abstract: We evaluated the effectiveness of the Transient elastography using (Fibroscan) for the prediction of varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with chronic liver disease. We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with compensated chronic liver disease who had never experienced variceal bleeding and underwent both a Fibroscan as...
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